Exchange Server 2016 includes a number of advanced features for organizations to have a resilient deployment of email across multiple customer sites. It is closely integrated into other products such as Office, SharePoint, Skype for Business (formerly Microsoft Lync) and Office 365, and it shares a similar interface to Exchange Server 2013.
This is similar to an Exchange 2010 to Exchange 2013 upgrade. Right now I would recommend building an Exchange 2010/2016 coexistence environment. So, you need to build a new array of Exchange 2016 and reconfigure your load balancer to use the Exchange 2016 servers. Client requests hit the Exchange 2016 servers, and are proxied to the Exchange 2010 servers. Once configured you can gradually move your Mailboxes to the Exchange 2016 servers.
This is similar to an Exchange 2010 to Exchange 2013 upgrade. Right now I would recommend building an Exchange 2010/2016 coexistence environment. So, you need to build a new array of Exchange 2016 and reconfigure your load balancer to use the Exchange 2016 servers. Client requests hit the Exchange 2016 servers, and are proxied to the Exchange 2010 servers. Once configured you can gradually move your Mailboxes to the Exchange 2016 servers.